Copper metabolism and gut morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic sublethal dietary copper exposure

نویسندگان

  • Martin Grosell
  • John N. A. Lott
  • Ghris M. Wood
چکیده

Juvenile rainbow trottt (Oncorhynchus mykiss) werc exposed to I I (control), 300 (medium), and 1000 pg Cug-r (high) (as CuSOa.5H2O) in the diet for 28 days at a daily ration of 4%o wet body weight, with a background waterborne Cu concentration of3 pg.L-|. There was no effect ofdietary Cu on growth, condition factor, or food conversion efficiency. Whole-body Cu content increased continuously over the exposure period in all groups and was twofold and fourfold higher than controls at day 28 for the mediumand high-Cu diets, respectively. Copper accumulated mailly in liver and gut tissue, with the latter stabilizing by day 14. Accumulation also occurred in gill, kidney, and carcass. Plasma Cu concentration was not different from the controls whereas Cu ir bile was greatly elevated an indication of increased hepatobiliary excretion. Dietary Cu pre-exposure decreased the uptake of waterborne Cu across the gills, providing the fust evidence of homeostatic interaction between the two routes of uptake. Electron microscopic obsewations of the midintestine revealed numerous mitochondria, lysosomes, lamellated bodies, and extensive lamellar processes ir the enterocytes. Apoptosis, mitosis, and eosinophilic granule cells were more apparent in Cu-exposed fish. R6sum6 : Des jeunes Truites arc-en-ciel (Oncfutrhynchus mykiss) ont 6t€ exposdes pendant 28 jours i des concentrations de 11 (temoin), de 300 (moyenne) ou de 1000 pg Cug-t t6lev6e), sous forme de CuSOo'5HrO, dans des rations alimentaires 6quivalant d 4o/o de ieur masse corporelle humide et dans une eau contenant des concentrations d'arridre plan de Cu de 3 pg'L-I. Le Cu alimentaire est rest6 sans effet sur la croissance, le coefficient d'embonpoint et I'efficacit6 de la conversion de la nourrifure. Le contenu corporel total en Cu a augment6 de fagon constante chez tous les groupes au cours de I'exposition et, au jour 28, il 6tait deux fois plus 6lev6 dans Ie groupe i exposition moyenne que chez le groupe t6moin et de quatre fois plus elev€ chez le groupe d exposition 61ev6e. Le Cu s'accumulait princi palement dans le foie et dans les tissus du tube digestif, atteignant un palier chez ces derniers au jour 14. ll y avait aussi une accumulation dans les branchies, les reins et la carcasse. Les concentmtions plasmatiques de Cu n'ont subi aucune hausse; en revanche, les concentrations dans la bile ont cr0 fortement, ce qui indique une augmentation de I'excr€tion h6patobiliaire. Une exposition pr6alable au Cu alimentaire diminuait I'incorporation du Cu de I'eau par les branchies, ce qui constitue une premidre mention d'une interaction homeostatique entre ces deux voies d'.ilcorporation. L'examen du tube digestif moyen au microscope 6lectronique a r€v616 la pr6sence dans les enterocytes de nombreux lysosomes, mitochondries, corpuscules lamell6s et grands processus lamellaires. L'apoptose, la mitose et la pr6sence de granulocytes €osinophiles 6ta.ient frequentes chez les poissons expos6s au Cu. [Traduit par la Rddaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2001